This model was developed by the Strategy Unit in collaboration with the Midlands Renal Operational Delivery Network (MRODN).
It is an open-source sequential SD-DES hybrid model of renal care with two components:
- A system dynamics (SD) model of CKD progression.
- A discrete-event simulation (DES) model of Kidney Replacement Therapy (KRT) patient pathways for capacity planning.
Hybrid model:

Modelling objectives:
- How might demand change over time?
- What does that mean for capacity for renal services?
- Use scenarios to model the ability to mitigate future demand
DES is used to model the KRT pathway and is created using Python (SimPy).
Example of scenarios explored:
